In Koohmare Sorkhi dialect, ergative constructions can be viewed in terms of recent phase theory and bare phrase syntax in generative view. Koohmare Sorkhi includes canonical forms such as “om goft” in which a clitics is added to the left part of the verb in past accusative constructions. The production of this form and other similar forms can be justified in the framework of phase theory as well as incorporation. In this dialect, V is considered as phase head and T shows both V features and T features. V feature causes movement of V into T. In the next stage, incorporation works after post syntactic operation and the deleting features occur before reaching interfaces. Clitics are bundles of features, and V attracts them as phase head. The mechanism for incorporation is adjunction, and the label of clitics should not be distinct to which it is incorporated. Incorporation and movement have been viewed in the framework of bare phrase structure. Movement to T is syntactic movement and after that incorporation combines past form with clitics in logical form to produce the final form. This operation has been viewed in several languages. Introducing vPs as phases in ergative constructions can be a solution to their contrast in this structure with other structures.

Surveying the structure of NP in Persian, this study tries to show that most of NP constituents are either independent of each other or they are dependent to Determiner phrase (=DP). The researcher follows a uniform minimal analysis to illustrate the structural position of relevant constituents of DP, including Possessive phrase, Prepositional phrase and Quantifier phrase, under the tree diagram. The most important point of this study is the claim that NP is mostly one of the dependents of DP. Hence, the final section of the study deals with and analyzes the structure of DP in Persian. The DP analysis undertaken in this study has some advantages. It can explain the internal relevance of all DP constituents and provides them all with a uniform analysis. Likewise, the semantic importance of Persian genitive marker and its role in parsing are borne out.

One of the important aspects in learning foreign languages is considering differences between languages and their effects on the learning process. Number of objects is one general phenomenon, which is shown in different ways in different languages. There are many different ways to represent the number of objects in Russian and Persian languages, especially in morph-syntactic level. So learning and using numeral phrases (number + noun, number + adjective + noun) correctly in the nominative and objective cases in Russian is one of the difficult problems for Iranian students. In Russian language, this structure changes according to such criteria as grammatical case, number, animacy and inanimacy, and all of these structures are in contrast with similar structures in Persian. The purpose of this paper is to compare these structures between Russian and Persian languages. We further study and analysis the mistakes of Iranian students in learning and using numeral phrases in nominative and objective forms, and resolve them.

For many centuries the linguists have almost always studied morphology. But with the advent of Transformational Grammar , syntactic studies and the structure of sentences have earned maximum importance, therefore Sentence was the focus of study until 70s , and from then on , little by little linguists have begun to study the structure of NP, and they have found many similarities between NPs , VPs and sentences . The idea of this similarity has led to many comparative studies. The Empty Category is one of the arguments discussed in sentence structure and pro /PRO is one of these empty categories. This article intends to indicate the existence of pro/PRO in NPs . Comparing Persian and Italian languages we find the same control properties in sentences.

In Persian, the verb is classified based on different points of view. An important classification is based on the structure and components of a verb.Grammarians have introduced at least two kinds of verb: simple and complex. Some grammarians, however, have enumerated a variety verb types. Phrasal verb is a kind of verb being formed of at least three parts, named on the basis of structure. It has one single meaning. In recent decades, this kind of verb is called phrasal verb by some grammarians, while others have rejected this kind of verb or have not named it at all. This article first discusses the views on the classification of verb; then it focuses on the history of designation of phrasal verb, on its record in ancient texts, on its structure and kind, on its functions, and finally on the similarities and differences between phrasal verb and complement. Finally, part of the article introduces an almost complete list of phrasal verbs.

Text tokenization is the process of tokenizing text to meaningful tokens such as words, phrases, sentences, etc. Tokenization of syntactical phrases named as chunking is an important preprocessing needed in many applications such as machine translation information retrieval, text to speech, etc. In this paper chunking of Farsi texts is done using statistical and learning methods and the grammatical characteristics of Farsi texts. Many features and labeling methods are examined one by one and the best features and labeling techniques are used for the detection of syntactic phrases and their boundaries. Several machine learning techniques including Support Vector Machine and Conditional Random Fields are used as classifier in our experiments. The impact of the size of training texts on chunking performance was studied as well. Using the proposed methods in this paper, a performance of 84.02% was obtained for detection of phrase boundaries and 78.04% for detection of both phrase boundaries and phrase type.

Space syntax is an influential theory which has been successfully applied to various disciplines such as archeaology and architecture to analyze spatial relationships. It has been defined as a method for representation and quantification of spatial patterns. Instrumental in this method is the definition of space as a two- dimensional convex structure. The method examines circulation in or through any space. The spaces that connect more spaces are thus defined as more integrated, while those with little circulation are considered to be segregated. Using the same method the central courtyard in a Persian house, for example, is highly integrated, while the talar and orosi rooms are segregated, although these are the most important summer and winter residential spaces, respectively. There are other spatial characteristics that are not considered in the application of the method: size, shape, function, atc. The paper tries to introduce and analyze the method and highlight its advantages and disadvantages.